Projective Technique. Authors Authors and affiliations Stephanie A. How to cite. Synonyms Ambiguous personality assessment ; Free-response measures ; Unrestricted-response technique. This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access. Klopfer, W. Projective tests. Annual Review of Psychology, 27 , — PubMed Google Scholar.
Lilienfeld, S. Like other projective tests, the Draw-A-Person test has been criticized for its lack of validity. A test interpreter might suggest that certain aspects of the drawing are indicative of particular psychological tendencies. However, it might simply mean that the individual has poor drawing skills. The test has been used as a measure of intelligence in children, but research comparing scores on the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence to the Draw-A-Person test found a very low correlation between the two scores.
In this type of projective test, people are asked to draw a house, a tree, and a person. Once the drawing is complete, they are asked a series of questions about the images they have drawn. The test was originally designed by John Buck and included a series of 60 questions to ask the respondent, although test administrators may also come up with their own questions or follow-up queries to further explore the subject's responses.
For example, the test administrator might ask of the house drawing:. Projective tests are most frequently used in therapeutic settings. In many cases, therapists use these tests to learn qualitative information about individuals. Some therapists may use projective tests as a sort of icebreaker to encourage people to discuss issues or examine their thoughts and emotions.
While projective tests have some benefits, they also have a number of weaknesses and limitations, including:. Ever wonder what your personality type means? Sign up to find out more in our Healthy Mind newsletter. Nunez, K. Projective techniques in qualitative market research. American Marketing Association. Posted February 2, Piotrowski, C. On the decline of projective techniques in professional psychology training. North American Journal of Psychology. Sarason, I. Personality assessment.
Published October 01, Drawing a close to the use of human figure drawings as a projective measure of intelligence. Your Privacy Rights. To change or withdraw your consent choices for VerywellMind.
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For example, a group of tourism professionals working on establishing a strategic marketing plan for their community were asked to come up with personality traits or "human characteristics" for the villages as well as the cities within their area:.
Most of the tourism industry representatives came from the cities and had strongly argued that the urban areas had historically been neglected in promotional campaigns. As a result of this and other exercises, they came to the realization that the rural areas were a strong feature of the overall attractiveness of the destination and needed to be featured as key elements in any marketing campaign.
In the sentence completion method, respondents are given incomplete sentences and asked to complete the thought. These sentences are usually in the third person and tend to be somewhat ambiguous. For example, the following sentences would provide striking differences in how they were completed depending on the personality of the respondent:.
Generally speaking, sentence completion tests are easier to interpret since the answers provided will be more detailed than in a word association test. However, their intent is also more obvious to the respondent, and could possible result in less honest replies. A variant of this method is the story completion test. For this reason, TAT is also known as the picture interpretation technique. Although the picture, illustration, drawing or cartoon that is used must be interesting enough to encourage discussion, it should be vague enough not to immediately give away what the project is about.
TAT can be used in a variety of ways, from eliciting qualities associated with different products to perceptions about the kind of people that might use certain products or services. For instance, respondents were shown a schematic logo click here and asked what type of destination would have such a logo, and what a visitor might expect to find. Some of the comments were:. The third-person technique , more than any other projective technique, is used to elicit deep seated feelings and opinions held by respondents, that might be perceived as reflecting negatively upon the individual.
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