Harrison received Unfortunately for the Whigs, Harrison died a month after taking office. Vice President John Tyler succeeded Harrison. While Tyler said he would follow the Whig Party's ideology, his presidential actions were more in keeping with the Democratic Party's policies.
Both the Whigs and the Democrats refused to endorse Tyler for the presidency in Birney drew numerous abolitionist votes away from Clay, allowing Polk to win by a mere thirty-eight thousand votes. The Whig Party ran Zachary Taylor in for the presidency.
This election began the collapse of the Whig Party. Taylor, a southern slaveholder, divided the Whigs into Northern and Southern factions.
As tensions increased over slavery's expansion in the late s and the early s, Northern Whigs could not support a slave-owner. Southern Democrats could not support a Northern candidate. For questions on access or troubleshooting, please check our FAQs , and if you can''t find the answer there, please contact us. All Rights Reserved. Under the terms of the licence agreement, an individual user may print out a PDF of a single chapter of a title in Oxford Handbooks Online for personal use for details see Privacy Policy and Legal Notice.
Oxford Handbooks Online. Publications Pages Publications Pages. Recently viewed 0 Save Search. Watson Harry L. Alarmed, anti-slavery Whigs spun off to found the Republican Party in Abraham Lincoln , a Republican president deeply inspired by Henry Clay, would win the presidency in and go on to lead the nation through Civil War.
But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! Subscribe for fascinating stories connecting the past to the present. After the Civil War, the party dominated in the South due to its opposition to civil and political rights for African Americans. After a major Founded in as a coalition opposing the extension of slavery into Western territories, the Republican Party fought to protect the rights of Known for their support of a strong national government, the Federalists emphasized commercial and diplomatic harmony with In the midth-century, the two most powerful political parties in the United States were the Democrats and the Whigs.
In two presidential elections, and , Americans voted a Whig into the White House. The Federalist Party, meanwhile, had discredited itself through its opposition to the war. As Republicans co-opted Federalist positions, the Federalist Party withered away and became essentially extinct outside of New England.
James Monroe presided over the so-called "Era of Good Feelings," but one-party rule masked serious differences of opinion. In the elections of , the first after the war's end, the Republicans took complete control of the federal government. By Monroe's second term in office -- which he won almost unanimously -- the Federalists were reduced to only 4 seats in the U.
Monroe's administration, from to , became known as the "Era of Good Feelings" because there was so little opposition to him or to his policies. But this one-party system masked real differences in opinion. None of the candidates won a majority of the electoral vote, and so election was decided by the House of Representatives. Clay had great influence as Speaker of the House, and he threw his support to Adams -- some said, in exchange for Adams' promise to make Clay his Secretary of State.
Jackson had won the most electoral votes and the greatest share of the popular vote, and his supporters, who had expected him to be confirmed by the House as President, called this partnership between Adams and Clay a "corrupt bargain.
During Adams' administration, his supporters, who included many former Federalists, began to call themselves "National Republicans" to show their support for a strong national government that would promote commerce , support education, and fund roads and canals.
But Adams was not particularly popular. In contrast, Jackson was extremely popular, having won national fame as hero of the Battle of New Orleans in the War of and later in wars against American Indians in Florida. He was also backed by a well-orchestrated political organization.
Jackson's followers formed the Democratic Party, claiming to be the true successors of Jefferson's Democratic-Republican Party. Like their predecessors, the Democrats believed in small, decentralized government. Andrew Jackson became the symbol of a more open, populist, and boisterous democracy.
Jackson was elected President in on a wave of popular democracy. Presidential electors had once been chosen by state legislatures, but by , they were chosen by popular vote in all but two states Delaware and South Carolina. Most states now had universal white male suffrage or had very low property requirements for voting.
Jackson supporters portrayed Adams as elitist who believed that only the few, best and smartest people should rule, while Adams' supporters portrayed Jackson as a "mere military chieftain. In the process, they built the first modern political party in America, with a national organization and direct campaign methods. Jackson's inauguration reflected this new, more open democracy -- and not in an entirely positive way.
While most previous presidents had been inaugurated indoors and in private, Jackson was inaugurated outdoors, on the East Portico of the Capitol.
More than 20, people came to witness the event, even though in an era before microphones and loudspeakers, most could not hear Jackson speak. The crowd followed the new president to the White House, where the doors were opened for a public reception. Jackson eventually left through a window to escape the mob, which broke thousands of dollars' worth of china and was dispersed only by the promise of alcoholic punch on the White House lawn.
Although Jackson's opponents were horrified by the display, they would soon learn to campaign to crowds as successfully as Jackson. Two conflicts during Jackson's administration helped to cement the new party division. First was a conflict that came to be known as the "nullification crisis.
Its economy was agricultural, and it imported most manufactured goods. Southerners tended to see tariffs as benefiting only the North. In , South Carolina passed an "Ordinance of Nullification," declaring that it could "nullify" -- make null, or wipe out -- federal law as it saw fit. With the full support of the state's most powerful political figure, John Calhoun -- who was Jackson's vice-president -- the legislature declared that the federal tariffs of and would not be enforced within its borders.
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