They elected a king of their own, Jeroboam, and choose a new capital, Tirzah near Shechem. This was the beginning of the history of the two kingdoms: Israel in the north, with a swift succession of ten dynasties, and Judah in the south, where the house of David continued to rule until The Bible clearly prefers the southern kingdom. Judah remained more or less faithful to the Covenant, whereas the Israelites are said to have accepted foreign, pagan customs.
Probably, the Biblical account is exaggerated. In both kingdoms, YHWH was worshipped among other gods; the north may have been a bit more tolerant towards other gods than the south, but monotheism, the Covenant, and the central position of the temple in Jerusalem, which are important in the Biblical narrative, are inventions from the age of king Josiah of Judah By then, the northern kingdom had already disappeared for about a century.
The first six kings of Israel are only known from the Bible. See table below; relatives in identical colors. Jeroboam reigned for twenty-one years and was succeeded by his son Nadab, who was killed in a military coup. The new king was a soldier named Baasha, who tried to conquer Judah and had some success, but was unable to fight a war against the southern kingdom and its ally Aram-Damascus at the same time.
The new king was of a different caliber. He conquered large parts of the country east of the river Jordan, including Moab, and fortified the border with several forts. He also gave the northern kingdom a new capital, called Samaria. Similar building projects are known from Jezreel, Hazor, Megiddo, and Gezer.
Unlike Judah, which remained a backward area, the northern kingdom was fully integrated in the near-eastern economy. It exported olive oil and seems to have had trade contacts probably indirect, through Sidon with Greece. Excavations at Samaria have brought to light stone capitals that strongly remind one of Aeolic capitals. However, many peasants found themselves in dire straits. The social history of Israel is the tale of increasingly poor farmers.
To orthodox Jews, this was of course unacceptable, and therefore, the Bible portrays Omri, Ahab, and Jezebel as the archvillains of sacred history, opposed by the prophet Elijah. In the mid-ninth century, the kingdom of Aram-Damascus became more powerful, and after the death of Ahab, war broke out between the two kingdoms. The exact relation between these two events remains unclear.
What is certain, however, is that Israel was in a crisis. According to the Stela of Mesha, Moab liberated itself. The Medes and Babylonians then united and captured Ashur in B. Two years later Nineveh, capital of Assyria itself, fell. With the destruction of Assyria, Babylon became the world empire that all countries in the Near East feared and paid tribute to. How long Israel remained in Assyria after they had been carried away captive by Sargon II is not known. It is likely that many accepted the life and culture of their captors and lost their identity.
They had gone into captivity because of their extreme wickedness, so it would not be surprising to find them accepting the pagan culture of the Assyrians. One of the books of the Apocrypha, however, records that one group of the captives saw that their captivity was the result of their own wickedness and sought the Lord in repentance see Bible Dictionary, s. The Lord heeded their cries and led them away into the north countries.
And they entered into Euphrates by the narrow passages of the river. For the most High then shewed signs for them, and held still the flood, till they were passed over.
For through that country there was a great way to go, namely, of a year and a half: and the same region is called Arsareth.
Then dwelt they there until the latter time. That country could only be found in the north. Southern Asia was already the seat of a comparatively ancient civilization; Egypt flourished in northern Africa; and southern Europe was rapidly filling with the future rulers of the world. They had therefore no choice but to turn their faces northward. The first portion of their journey was not however north; according to the account of Esdras, they appear to have at first moved in the direction of their old home; and it is possible that they originally started with the intention of returning thereto; or probably, in order to deceive the Assyrians, they started as if to return to Canaan, and when they crossed the Euphrates and were out of danger from the hosts of Medes and Persians, then they turned their journeying feet toward the polar star.
Talmage, The Articles of Faith, p. Where they went is not known, and this fact has led to much speculation about their present whereabouts. The Lord has not seen fit to reveal their location, however, and until He does so, it is useless to try to identify their present locality.
Certain things about this intriguing group have been revealed through latter-day scriptures and the writings of living prophets. These are discussed below see 3 Nephi The prophets of old saw that in the last dispensation, the dispensation of the fulness of times, would come a complete gathering and restoration of the house of Israel.
The ensign see Isaiah has been unfolded to the nations, and Israel is invited by her King to gather again in preparation for the great day when He will personally reign in their midst.
It is apparent from this passage that though the main body of ten of the tribes is lost, there are representatives of all twelve tribes scattered throughout the earth. This statement can be explained as follows:. As the ten tribes traveled north, some stopped along the way—many possibly being scattered throughout Europe and Asia. From time to time the Lord has led groups of Israelites into other areas of the earth: the Nephites and the Mulekites being two such groups see 1 Nephi —5.
It is a parable of the scattering of Israel. If we had the full key to the interpretation, then we would have in detail how Israel was transplanted in all parts of the earth. The scriptures teach that remnants of all the tribes of Israel were scattered among the nations of the earth and in the last days will be gathered out from among these nations and from the four quarters of the earth.
The remnant known as the lost ten tribes will return as a body out of the north countries. Jeremiah promised that so marvelous would be this event that no longer would God be called the Lord who led Israel out of Egypt but the Lord who brought up the children of Israel from the land of the north see Jeremiah — The appointed time will come when the lost tribes of Israel will return to Zion to receive their blessings at the hands of Ephraim. McConkie, Mormon Doctrine, p.
The lost tribes, as well as all others who want to be numbered in the house of Israel and receive the blessings of the priesthood, must come to Ephraim, who holds the birthright blessings see Genesis —22 ; 1 Chronicles —2 ; Jeremiah Elder Wilford Woodruff taught that when the ten tribes returned, they would come to Ephraim to obtain the priesthood as well as their endowments and sealings see Journal of Discourses, —32; Wikimedia Foundation.
It corresponds to the Hebrew appellation children of Israel , a name by which together with the simple form Israel… … Catholic encyclopedia. Assyrian Siege of Jerusalem — In BCE, the Assyrian army captured the Israelite capital at Samaria and carried away the citizens of the northern kingdom into captivity. The virtual destruction of Israel left the southern kingdom, Judah, to fend for itself in the whirlwind… … Wikipedia.
Israel — This article is about the modern country. For other uses, see Israel disambiguation. State of Israel … Wikipedia. Captivity — 1 Of Israel. The kingdom of the ten tribes was successively invaded by several Assyrian kings. Pul q. Babylonian captivity — The Babylonian captivity, Babylonian exile, is the name typically given to the deportation and exile of the Jews of the ancient Kingdom of Judah to Babylon by Nebuchadnezzar during the 6th Century BCE. The Captivity and subsequent return to… … Wikipedia.
For thousands of years, Jews have lived in their homeland, sometimes as an independent polity, sometimes not. Although at times the region was ruled by foreign empires Jews in… … Wikipedia. Assyrian captivity of Israel.
It corresponds to the Hebrew appellation children of Israel , a name by which together with the simple form Israel… … Catholic encyclopedia Assyrian Siege of Jerusalem — In BCE, the Assyrian army captured the Israelite capital at Samaria and carried away the citizens of the northern kingdom into captivity. The virtual destruction of Israel left the southern kingdom, Judah, to fend for itself in the whirlwind… … Wikipedia Israel — This article is about the modern country.
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